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- $Unique_ID{BRK04133}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Post-Polio Syndrome}
- $Subject{Post-Polio Syndrome Polio, Late Effects Post-Polio Muscular Atrophy
- Post-Polio Sequelae Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis)}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991, 1992 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 476:
- Post-Polio Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Post-Polio Syndrome) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Polio, Late Effects
- Post-Polio Muscular Atrophy
- Post-Polio Sequelae
-
- Information on the following disorder can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis)
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Post-Polio Syndrome is characterized by a history of Poliomyelitis at
- least ten years previously, and partial recovery of function followed by
- development of progressive weakness in previously affected muscles for which
- there is no other definite cause.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Post-Polio Syndrome occurs at least 10 years after a person has been stricken
- by polio. It is characterized by gradual deterioration of muscle function
- and increased weakness which usually occurs in the limbs that had been most
- severely affected by polio. Sometimes the disorder involves those muscles
- apparently fully recovered or previously uninvolved, including muscles
- necessary for respiration. Other symptoms may include fatigue, muscle pain
- and twitching (fasciculations). (For more information on this disorder, see
- "A Fearful Reminder Stalks Polio's Survivors" and "What Is Polio?" in the
- Prevalent Health Conditions/Concerns area of NORD Services.)
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Post-Polio syndrome has not yet been identified. Theories
- that the dormant polio virus may be reactivated years after polio first
- occurs are now the most popular theories. Other theories that Post-Polio
- patients appear to be aging more rapidly in certain parts of their central
- nervous system than their peers are also unproven. Recently, scientists
- determined that Post-Polio Syndrome is not a form of Amyotrophic Lateral
- Sclerosis (ALS). (For more information on this disorder, choose ALS as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- In a 1987 study of Post-Polio Syndrome patients, scientists found
- evidence that nerve cells in affected muscles may grow many small sprouts
- from the message-transmitting axons of healthy nerve cells during recovery
- from polio. These sprouts take over the function of neurons killed by the
- polio virus. After years of functioning beyond capacity, the nerve cells can
- weaken and lose the ability to maintain these sprouts, which then begin to
- shrink, and the whole muscle becomes weaker. As a result of this discovery,
- researchers hope to develop an experimental treatment that may improve
- sprouting of the axons. Other studies, such as investigating the presence of
- abnormal proteins in cerebrospinal fluid, and the effect of the polio virus
- on nerve cells in muscle fibers of Post-Polio patients.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Post-Polio Syndrome affects about 20% of people who have recovered from
- Poliomyelitis more than 10 years previously. Symptoms can appear 30 or more
- years after onset of Polio.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorder are similar to those of Post-Polio
- Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis or "Polio") is an acute virus
- infection most often affecting children. It may occur in individual cases,
- or in epidemic outbreaks. The disorder is caused by a virus that affects
- parts of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). Muscles no
- longer receive strong nerve signals telling them how to move. The result is
- paralysis that can be life threatening when it affects breathing and
- swallowing. Painful muscle spasms in arms and legs may also occur. Recovery
- from a serious bout with Polio is slow. Residual effects such as limb and
- body weakness and paralysis can last a lifetime. The Salk and Sabin
- vaccines, introduced in the 1950's and 1960's, have virtually eliminated Polio
- in the United States and have greatly reduced its incidence throughout the
- world. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported that polio is almost
- eradicated from the Western Hemisphere. In 1991 there were only nine cases
- of polio identified in the Americas.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- People who had Polio before the polio vaccine was developed should be
- evaluated to determine if they have Post-Polio Syndrome. This would include
- comprehensive muscle testing and gait analysis plus a complete physical
- examination. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, changes in braces,
- and/or changes in diet may be helpful. Excess weight is particularly
- disabling when muscles are weakened. Rehabilitation, rest and medication may
- also be prescribed. Swimming is the best form of exercise for Post-Polio
- patients, but other forms of exercise, not exceeding 5 to 20 minutes with
- rest periods in between, may also be advised by a physician. Use of a
- respirator such as a mouth intermittent positive pressure ventilation system
- may be prescribed if breathing is affected.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Post-Polio Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Post-Polio National, Inc.
- (Post-Polio League for Information and Outreach)
- 3581 University Drive
- Fairfax, VA 22030
- (703) 273-8171
-
- Polio Information Center
- 510 Main Street, Suite A446
- Roosevelt Island, NY 10044
- (212) 223-0353
-
- British Polio Fellowship
- Bell Close West End
- Ruislip, Middlesex HA4 6LP
- England
-
- International Polio Network
- 5100 Oakland Ave., #206
- St. Louis, MO 63110, U.S.A.
- (314) 534-0475
-
- Centers for Disease Control
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 639-3534
-
- For rehabilitation services contact:
-
- National Easter Seal Society for Crippled Children and Adults
- 70 East Lake St.
- Chicago, IL 60601
- (312) 726-6200 (voice)
- (312) 726-4258 (TDD)
-
- References
-
- MOUTH INTERMITTENT POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
- POSTPOLIO RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY: J.R. Bach, et al.; Chest (June 1987:
- issue 91(6)). Pp. 859-864.
-
- HANDBOOK OF THE LATE EFFECTS OF POLIOMYELITIS FOR PHYSICIANS AND
- SURVIVORS: Gini Laurie, et al., ed.; G.I.N.I. 1984.
-
- LATE EFFECTS OF POLIOMYELITIS: Lauro Halstead, et al., ed.; Symposia
- Foundation, 1984.
-
-